Chapter 8 Contents

• 8 Multilinguality
  • 8.1 Overview
  • 8.2 Machine Translation: The Disappointing Past and Present
    • 8.2.1 Future Directions
  • 8.3 (Human-Aided) Machine Translation: A Better Future?
    • 8.3.1 Types of MAT Systems Available in 1994
      • MT for Screening Purposes
      • MT for Diffusion Purposes
    • 8.3.2 Four Main Situations in the Future
    • 8.3.3 Future Directions
  • 8.4 Machine-aided Human Translation
    • 8.4.1 State of the Art
      • Specific Software Environments Designed for Professional Translators Working in Teams
      • Environments for Independent Professional Translators
      • Tools for Occasional Translators
    • 8.4.2 Limitations in Current Technology
      • Unavailability of Truly Multilingual Support Tools
      • Engineering of Multilingual Lexical Data Bases
      • Sacred Character of the Source Text and Limitation to Handling One Language Pair at a Time
    • 8.4.3 Future Directions
      • Ergonomy
      • Progress in EBMT
  • 8.5 Multilingual Information Retrieval
    • 8.5.1 State of the Art
    • 8.5.2 Future Directions
  • 8.6 Multilingual Speech Processing
    • 8.6.1 Multilingual Speech Recognition and Understanding
      • Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LV-CSR)
      • Multilingual Spoken Language Systems
    • 8.6.2 Speech Translation Systems
      • Early Systems:
      • Translation of Spontaneous Speech:
    • 8.6.3 Future Directions
  • 8.7 Automatic Language Identification
    • 8.7.1 Spoken Language
    • 8.7.2 Written Language
    • 8.7.3 Future Directions
  • 8.8 References