Chapter 2 References

AB91a

J. C. Anigbogu and A. Belaïd. Application of hidden Markov models to multifont text recognition. In ICDAR [ICD91], pages 785--793.

AB91b

J. C. Anigbogu and A. Belaïd. Recognition of Multifont Text Using Markov Models. In 7 Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, volume 1, pages 469--476, August 1991.

AHJM94

T. Allen, W. Hunter, M. Jacobson, and M. Miller. Comparing several discrete handwriting recognition algorithms. Technical report, AT&T GIS, Human Interface Technology Center, New User Interface Group, 1994.

AP93

A. Alimi and R. Plamondon. Performance analysis of handwritten strokes generation models. In IWFHR [IWF93], pages 272--283.

AP94

A. Alimi and R. Plamondon. Analysis of the parameter dependence of handwriting generation models on movements characteristics. In C. Faure, G. Lorette, A. Vinter, and P. Keuss, editors, Advances in Handwriting and Drawing: A multidisciplinary Approach, Paris, February 1994. Presse de l'Ecole Nationale Superieure de Telecommunication.

BA91

A. Belaïd and J. C. Anigbogu. Text recognition using stochastic models. In R. Gutiérrez and M. J. Valderrama, editors, 5 International Symposium on ASMDA, pages 87--98. World Scientific, April 1991.

Bai90

H. S. Baird. Document Image Defect Models. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Syntactical and Structural Pattern Recognition, pages 38--47, 1990.

Bay87

T. Bayer. Segmentation of Merged Character Patterns with Artificial Intelligence Techniques. In Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, pages 49--55, Stockholm, 1987.

BF91

H. S. Baird and R. Fossey. A 100-font classifier. In ICDAR [ICD91], pages 332--340.

BKP86

H. S. Baird, S. Kahan, and T. Pavlidis. Components of a Omnifont Page Reader. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pages 344--348, Paris, 1986.

BMLC92

C. J. C. Burges, O. Matan, Y. Le Cun, J. S. Denker, L. D. Jackel, C. E. Stenard, C. R. Nohl, and J. I. Ben. Shortest path segmentation: A method for training a neural network to recognize character strings. In Proceedings of the 1992 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, volume 3, page 165, Baltimore, Maryland, 1992.

Bok92

M. Bokser. Omnidocument Technologies. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(7):1066--1078, July 1992.

C92

R. G. Casey et al. Intelligent forms processing system. Machine Vision Applications, 5:143--155, 1992.

CHS91

E. Cohen, J. J. Hull, and S. N. Srihari. Understanding handwritten text in a structured environment: determining zip codes from addresses. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 5(1-2):221--264, 1991.

CKZS92

M. Y. Chen, A. Kundu, J. Zhou, and S. N. Srihari. Off-line handwritten word recognition using hidden Markov model. In Proceedings of the USPS Advanced Technology Conference, page 563, 1992.

CN82

R. G. Casey and G. Nagy. Recursive Segmentation and Classification of Composite Patterns. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pages 1023--1026, 1982.

Cou89

Florian C. Coulmas. The Writing Systems of the World. Blackwell, New York, 1989.

CSM94

L. Chang and I. Scott MacKenzie. A comparison of two handwriting recognizers for pen-based computers. In Proceedings of CANSON'94, Canada, 1994.

D92

A. Dengel et al. From paper to office document standard representation. IEEE Computer, 25(7):63--67, July 1992.

DH73

R. O. Duda and P. E. Hart. Pattern Recognition and Scene Analysis. John Wiley, New York, 1973.

FLVK94

C. Faure, G. Lorette, A. Vinter, and P. Keuss. Advances in Handwriting and Drawing: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Europia, Paris, 1994.

FZ94

G. Forman and J. Zahorjan. The challenges of mobile computing. IEEE Computer, pages 38--47, April 1994.

G94

J. Geist et al. The second census optical character recognition systems conference. Technical Report NISTIR-5452, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1994.

GR93

D. Goldberg and D. Richardson. Touch-typing with a stylus. In INTERCHI'93 conference on Human factors in computer systems, New York, 1993. ACM.

GS90

V. K. Govindan and A. P. Shivaprasad. Character recognition---a review. Pattern Recognition, 23(7):671--683, 1990.

GS93

Van Galen and G. E. Stelmach. Handwriting, issue of psychomotor control and cognitive models. Acta Psychologica, 82(1-3), March 1993.

GSP94

I. Guyon, L. Schomaker, R. Plamondon, M. Liberman, and S. Janet. UNIPEN project of on-line data exchange and recognizer benchmarks. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Jerusalem, October 1994.

GSS93

V. Govindaraju, A. Shekhawat, and S. N. Srihari. Interpretation of handwritten addresses in U.S. mail stream. In ICDAR [ICD93].

HCG93

Stephen José Hanson, Jack D. Cowan, and C. Lee Giles, editors. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5. Morgan Kaufmann, 1993.

HHF92

J. Hull, T. K. Ho, J. Favata, V. Govindaraju, and S. Srihari. Combination of segmentation-based and wholistic handwritten word recognition algorithms. In Impedovo and Simon [IS92], page 261.

HIT91

M. Holstege, Y. J. Inn, and L. Tokuda. Visual Parsing: An Aid to Text Understanding. In RIAO [RIA91], pages 175--193.

Ho92

T. K. Ho. A Theory of Multiple Classifier Systems and Its Application to Visual Word Recognition. PhD thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, May 1992. Also technical report number 92-12.

Hul94

J. Hull. Language-level syntactic and semantic constraints applied to visual word recognition. In Impedovo [Imp94], page 289.

ICA94

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Adelaide, Australia, April 1994.

ICD91

AIPR-IEEE. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, St. Malo, France, September 1991. IAPR.

ICD93

AIPR-IEEE. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, October 1993. IAPR.

Imp94

S. Impedovo, editor. Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition. NATO-Advanced Study Institute Series F. Springer-Verlag, October 1994.

IOO91

S. Impedovo, L. Ottaviano, and S. Occhinegro. Optical Character Recognition---A Survey. International Journal on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 5(1-2):1--24, 1991.

IS92

S. Impedovo and J. C. Simon, editors. From Pixels to Features III. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1992.

IWF93

Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Buffalo, New York, May 1993.

Kan90

J. Kanai. Text Line Extraction and Baseline Detection. In Recherche d'Informations Assistée par Ordinateur 1990, pages 194--209, France, 1990. RIAO.

KPB87

S. Kahan, T. Pavlidis, and H. S. Baird. On the Recognition of Printed Characters of Any Font and Size. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 9(2):274--288, 1987.

KSC93

F. Kimura, M. Shridhar, and Z. Chen. Improvements of a lexicon-directed algorithm for recognition off unconstrained handwritten words. In ICDAR [ICD93], page 18.

KSO90

R. Kasturi, S. Sira, and L. O'Gorman. Techniques for line drawing interpretation: an overview. In IAPR International Workshop on Machine Vision Applications, pages 151--160, Tokyo, 1990.

Las87

K. S. Lashley. The accuracy of movements in the absence of excitation from the moving organ. American journal of Physiology, 20:169, 1987.

LAS93

S. Liang, M. Ahmadi, and M. Shridhar. Segmentation of Touching Characters in Printed Document Recognition. In ICDAR [ICD93], pages 569--572.

LB87

S. W. Lam and H. S. Baird. Performance Testing of Mixed-font Variable-size Character Recognizers. In Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, pages 563--570, Stockholm, 1987.

LB94

E. Lecolinet and O. Baret. Cursive word recognition: Methods and strategies (survey on CSR). In Impedovo [Imp94].

LC91

E. Lecolinet and J-P. Crettez. A grapheme-based segmentation technique for cursive script recognition. In ICDAR [ICD91], page 740.

LG91a

P. G. Luca and A. Gisotti. How to Take Advantage of Word Structure in Printed Character Recognition. In RIAO [RIA91], pages 148--159.

LG91b

P. G. Luca and A. Gisotti. Printed Character Preclassification Based on Word Structure. Pattern Recognition, 24(7):609--615, 1991.

LL93

G. Lorette and Y. Lecourtier. Is recognition and interpretation of handwritten text a scene analysis problem? In Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, page 184, May 1993.

Man86

J. Mantas. An Overview of Character Recognition Methodologies. Pattern Recognition, 19(6):425--430, 1986.

MSMN94

C. MacQueen, I. Scott MacKenzie, B. Nonnecke, S. Riddesma, and M. Meltz. A comparison of four methods of numeric entry on pen-based computers. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface'94, Toronto, 1994. Canadian Information Processing Society.

MSY92

S. Mori, C. Y. Suen, and K. Yamamoto. Historical review of OCR research and development. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(7):1029--1058, July 1992. Special Issue on Optical Character Recognition.

Nad84

M. Nadler. A Survey of Document Segmentation and Coding Techniques. Computer Vision and Image Processing, 28:240--262, 1984.

Nag92

G. Nagy. At the frontiers of OCR. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(7):1093--1100, July 1992.

NRK94

T. A. Nartker, S. V. Rice, and J. Kanai. OCR Accuracy: UNLV's Second Annual Test. Technical journal INFORM of the University of Nevada Las Vegas, 1994.

NSS85

G. Nagy, S. Seth, and S. Stoddard. Document analysis with an expert system. In Proceedings of Pattern Recognition in Practice, volume 2, Amsterdam, June 1985.

PAYL93

R. Plamondon, A. Alimi, P. Yergeau, and F. Leclerc. Modelling velocity profiles of rapid movements: A comparative study. Biological Cybernetics, 69(2):119--128., 1993.

Pla89a

R. Plamondon. Handwriting control, a functional model. In R. Cotterill, editor, Models of Brain Function, pages 563--574. Academic Press, Cambridge, New York, Port Chester, Melbourne, Sydney, 1989.

Pla89b

R. Plamondon. A handwriting model based on differential geometry,. In R. Plamondon, C. Y Suen, and M. Simner, editors, Computer Recognition and Human Production of Handwriting, pages 179--192. World Scientific, Signapore, New Jersey, London, Hong Kong, 1989.

Pla92

R. Plamondon. A model based segmentation framework for computer processing of handwriting. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pages 303--307, 1992.

Pla93

R. Plamondon. Handwriting processing and recognition. Pattern Recognition, 26(3), March 1993.

Pla94a

R. Plamondon. The design of an on-line signature verification system: From theory to practice. In Progress in Automatic Signature Verification, volume 13 of Machine Perception and Artificial Intelligence, pages 795--811. World Scientific, 1994.

Pla94b

R. Plamondon. A model-based dynamic signature verification system. In Impedovo [Imp94].

Pla95a

R. Plamondon. A delta-lognormal model for handwriting generation. In Proceedings of the Seventh Biennal Conference of the International Graphonomics Society, pages 126--127, London, Ontario, 1995.

Pla95b

R. Plamondon. A kinematic theory of rapid human movements. Biological Cybernetics, 72:I:295--307 and II:309--320, 1995.

Pla95c

R. Plamondon. Special issue on cursive script recognition. Machine Vision and Applications, 1995. In press.

PM89

R. Plamondon and F. J. Maarse. An evaluation of motor models of handwriting. IEEE Trans. on Syst. Man Cybernetic, 19(5):1060--1072, September 1989.

PM92

T. Pavlidis and S. Mori. Special issue on optical character recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(7), July 1992.

PSS89

R. Plamondon, C. Y. Suen, and M. Simner, editors. Computer Recognition and Human Production of Handwriting. World Scientific, July 1989.

RIA91

RIAO. Recherche d'Informations Assistée par Ordinateur 1991, France, 1991.

RP93

J. Rocha and T. Pavlidis. New method for word recognition without segmentation. In Proceedings of SPIE, volume 1906, page 76, 1993.

Rub88

R. Rubinstein. Digital Typography: An Introduction to Type and Composition for Computer System Design. Addison-Wesley, 1988.

S92

J. Schürmann et al. Document analysis---from pixels to contents. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(7):1101--1119, July 1992.

SB93

R. Srihari and C. M. Baltus. Incorporating syntactic constraints in recognizing handwritten sentences. In Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, page 1262, Chambery, France, August 1993.

SBB92

J. Schurmann, N. Bartneck, T. Bayer, J. Franke, E. Mandler, and M. Oberlander. Document Analysis---From Pixels to Contents. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(7):1101--1119, July 1992.

SBG94

J. C. Simon, O. Baret, and N. Gorski. A system for the recognition of handwritten literal amounts of checks. In Proceedings of DAS, page 135, Kaiserslautern, Germany, 1994.

Sch78

J. Schurmann. A Multifont Word Recognition System for Postal Address Reading. IEEE Transactions on computers, C-27(8):721--732, 1978.

SH85

S. N. Srihari and J. J. Hull. Address Recognition Techniques in Mail Sorting: Research Directions. Technical Report 85-09, Department of Computer Science, SUNY at Buffalo, 1985.

SH92

S. N. Srihari and J. J. Hull. Character recognition. In Stuart C. Shapiro, editor, Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, second edition, pages 138--150. John Wiley, 1992.

Shl88

S. Shlien. Multifont Character Recognition For Typeset Documents. International journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 2(4):603--620, 1988.

Sri84

S. N. Srihari. Computer Text Recognition and Error Correction. IEEE Computer Society Press, Silver Springs, Maryland, 1984.

Sri92

S. N. Srihari. High-performance reading machines. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(7):1120--1132, July 1992.

SS94

G. Seni and R. K. Srihari. Hierarchical approach to on-line script recognition using a large vocabulary. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994.

TA91

Y. Tsujimoto and H. Asada. Resolving Ambiguity in Segmenting Touching Characters. In ICDAR [ICD91], pages 701--709.

TA92

S. Tsujimoto and H. Asada. Major components of a complete text reading system. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(7):1133--1149, July 1992.

TSW90

C. C. Tappert, C. Y. Suen, and T. Wakahara. The state of the art in on-line handwriting recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 12(8):787--808, 1990.

Ull73

J. R. Ullman. Pattern Recognition Techniques. Crane-Russak, New York, 1973.

Uni90

Unicode Consortium, The. The Unicode Standard, Worldwide Character Encoding. Addison-Wesley, 1990.

vdGT65

J. J. Denier van der Gon and J. P. Thuring. The guiding of human writing movements. Kybernetik, 4(2):145--148, 1965.

VT92

P. Vaxiviere and K. Tombre. Celesstin: CAD conversion of mechanical drawings. IEEE Computer, 25(7):46--54, July 1992.

Wan91

P. S. P. Wang. Character and handwriting recognition: Expanding frontiers. International journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 5, June 1991.

War95

C. Warwick. Trends and limits in the talk time of personal communicators. Proceedings of the IEEE, 83(4), April 1995. In press.

WCW82

K. Y. Wong, R. G. Casey, and F. M. Wahl. A document analysis system. IBM journal of Research and Development, 26(6):647--656, 1982.

WGJ92

R. A. Wilkinson, J. Geist, S. Janet, P. J. Grother, C. J. C. Burges, R. Creecy, B. Hammond, J. J. Hull, N. J. Larsen, T. P. Vogl, and C. L. Wilson. The first census optical character recognition systems conference. Technical Report NISTIR-4912, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, September 1992.